| Affirmative sentence | Negative sentence |
| every+ noun Every rose has a thorn. All must die. everybody | There is no (Every c‡ii Ask)+but+verb+…………….. There is no+( Every c‡ii Ask)+who/which +auxiliary verb +not+ verb There is no rose which does not have any thorn. There is no one who will not die. |
| only (e¨w³ Only the rich are always happy. only (e¯‘/welqevPK kã Gi †¶‡Î) only (msL¨v) It is only 10 pm. | none but None but the rich are always happy. nothing but not more than/not less than It is not more than 10 pm. |
| as soon as | no sooner than |
| always(memgq) | Never (KLbI bv) |
| Sometimes (gv‡Sgv‡S) | do not always/does not always/did not always/not always |
| too +adjective/adverb +to He is too dishonest to speak the truth. | so +adjective/adverb+ that + g~j ev‡K¨i sub +can not/could not He is so dishonest that he cannot speak the truth. |
| too+ adjective/adverb+ for +noun/ pronoun +to The problem was too tough for us to solve | so +adjective/adverb+ that +for Gi c‡ii noun/pronoun subjective form+ cannot +verb The problem was so tough that we could not solve. |
| must/has to/have to/need to | can not but/can not help+ verb+ing |
| had to /needed to | could not but/could not help |
| both….and… | not only…..but also |
| as…..as | not less…..than or no less-----than |
| less….than | not as…as |
| as soon as As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the student stood up. | No sooner …..than +wØZxq clause No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the students stood up. |
| hardly ….when/before. | No sooner …..than + wØZxq clause |
| Scarcely …..when | no sooner …..than + wØZxq clause |
| many She has written many letters. | not a few She has not written a few letters. |
| many a | not a few |
| a few The boy had eaten a few mangoes. | not many(msL¨v) The boy had not eaten many mangoes. |
| few | not a single (GKwU I b‡n) |
| a little | not much(cwigvY) |
| little | not a least(we›`ygvÎ) |
| much You have helped me much. | not a little(cwigvY) You have not helped me a little. |
| Very much | Negative +at all |
| superlative The Padma is the largest river in Bangladesh. | no other+…….as/so+ positive form +as No other river in Bangladesh is as large as the Padma. |
| comparative degree Akbar was as strong as a lion | ….not +as+ positive form +as…………….. A lion was not stronger than Akbar. Or Akbar was not less than a lion. |
| for the last time (‡kl ev‡ii g‡Zv) | never….again |
| for ever (wPiZ‡i) | never…again |
| for good(wPiZ‡i) | never…again |
| Besides Affirmative: Besides all the mangoes, we also ate the apples. | Not only …..but also We ate not only all the mangoes, but also all the apples. |
| Assertive sentence | Interrogative Sentence |
| To be verb A‡_©i cwieZ©b bv K‡i mvnvh¨Kvix verb hy³ Assertive sentence ‡K Interrogative G iƒcvšÍi Kivi mgq hw` Sentence wU Affirmative nq Zvn‡j wbqgwUt | To be verb+ Subject +not + subject+evKx Ask? Or To be verb +n’t(not) + subject+evKx Ask? |
| Negative A_©‡evaK Assertive Sentence †K Interrogative Kivi mgq Negative kãwU D‡V hvq Ges mvnvh¨Kvix verb wU cÖ_‡g e‡m| | Affirmative: You do not know me well. Negative: Do you know me well? |
| Auxiliary verb (mvnvh¨vKvix wµqv ) wenxb Present Indefinite Tense n‡j | Don’t /does not+ subject +verb+ evKx Ask? |
| Auxiliary verb (mvnvh¨vKvix wµqv ) wenxb Past Indefinite Tense n‡j | Didn’t +subject +verb(Present form)+ evKx Ask? |
| Assertive sentence G Donot/doesnot/didn’t | Do not /doesnot /didn’t _vK‡jInterrogative sentence Kivi mgq not ev` hvq+ Sentence Gi ïi“‡Z Do /Does/Did+subject+verb+ evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z None ¯’‡j | Who + verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev,Can any one/could any one+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z No one ¯’‡j | Who +verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Can any one/does any one+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z Nobody ¯’‡j | Who +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev,Can any body/could any body/Does anybody+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z No man ¯’‡j | Who +verb+sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev,Can any man/could any man+ does any man/did any man+ verb+sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z No person ¯’‡j | Who +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Can any person /could any person+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z None ¯’‡j | Who +verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Can any one/could any body+ verb +sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Does any one/did any one+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? A_ev, Is any one/Is any body+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z Everybody Everyone , Every man, All /All men+ verb _vK‡j | Who does not/who did not/who can not/who could not+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z Everybody Everyone , Every man, All/All men+ ‘to be verb (am, is, are, was, were ) _vK‡j | Who is not/who was not + sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| Every+Noun Every mother Every father Every person A_ev All w`‡q evK¨ ïi“ n‡j...... | Is there any+ noun+ who does not +verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? Or, Is there any+ noun+ who will not not+ verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z There is no+ noun | What+verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z There is nobody | Who+verb+ sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| There is no use+…noun | What is the use of + sentence Gi evwK Ask? |
| There is nobody +adjective+ than | Who is + adjective +than+……..? |
| ev‡K¨i ïi‡Z It is of no use | |
| Nothing but | Anything |
| No thing but | What ……but? |
| Universal truth (wPišÍb mZ¨) | Negative interrogative sentence |
| Sometimes | Did not always/does not always/do not always |
| Never (KLb I bv) | Ever (wPiw`b) |
| Assertive sentence | Imperative sentence |
| First person(I, we,)/third person(He, she, Karim, they) w`‡q ïi“ n‡j | Let+ sub Gi objective form +verb (present form) + evwK Ask |
| First person(I, we,)/third person(He, she, Karim, they) w`‡q ïi“ n‡jt Subject+ I…. Subject+ We…. Subject+3rd Person (He, she, they) | Let+ sub Gi objective form +not+ verb (present form)+ evwK Ask (LetGi ci pronoun Gi objective case nq I verb mv‡_ s/es hy³ nq bv|) Subject+ me+ Principal verb Let+ us+ Principal verb Let +3rd Person +Principal verb |
| You do not+ verb | Don’t +verb |
| You must +verb | verb+ evwK Ask +evwK Ask |
| You must not +verb | Don’t +verb + evwK Ask |
| You ought to +verb+ | verb+ evwK Ask |
| You ought not to +verb | Don’t +verb+ evwK Ask |
| You should not+ verb | Don’t +verb+ evwK Ask |
| You are requested to+ verb | Verb+ evwK Ask +,Please. Or Please+ Verb+ evwK Ask |
| You are requested not to +verb | Do not+ Verb+ evwK Ask, Please. Please, Do not+ Verb+ evwK Ask |
| You should always +verb | Always +verb+ evwK Ask |
| You should never +verb | Never +verb+ evwK Ask |
| We should+ verb | Let’s +verb+ evwK Ask |
| I request you to +verb | Please + verb +object/complement |
| I advise you to +verb+ | Please +verb+ object/complement |
| You should+ verb +object | Please +verb +object/complement |
| You are wanted to+ verb+ object | Verb +object |
| Assertive sentence | Exclamatory sentence |
| What +a/an+ adjective /adverb +adjunct +subject+ aux. verb (am /is/are/ was/ were)/ main verb+! (Exclamation mark) | |
| I wish I were+ | Had I been +(hv nZvg)! Or, If I were+(hv nZvg)! Or, Were +I +(hv nZvg)! Or, Would that I were+(hv nZvg)! |
| I wish I had+ I earnestly desire to +verb+ other words. | Had +I+(hv _vKZ)! Or, If I had+(hv _vKZ)! Would that I had+(hv _vKZ)! |
| very/a lot of | How+ adjective/adverb+….+sub +verb! |
| a very/a great/a most | What a/an+ adjective/adverb+….+sub +verb! |
| Sub+ wish +to……+ Subject+ desire to….+ Subject+ long for… Subject+ want to…. | If +subject +could +verb +evwK Ask! |
| We rejoice that | Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask. |
| It is a matter of joy that | Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask |
| It is a matter of great pleasure that | Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask |
| We are happy that | Hurrah!+ sentence Gi evwK Ask |
| It is a great joy that | Bravo! sentence Gi evwK Ask |
| I regret that | Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask |
| It is a matter of sorrow that | Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask |
| We are sorry that | Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask |
| It is said that | Alas! + sentence Gi evwK Ask |
Tags:
9-10 GRAMMAR