Direct speech Gi GKwU passage Narration –G Assertive, Interrogative, Exclamatory, Imperative I Optative – GB cuvPSentence B _vK‡Z cv‡i| GB sentence - ¸‡jvi Indirect Narration Kivi †h wbqg, Passage Narration Kivi wbqg I ZvB| ïay KZK¸‡jv Linking words (ms‡hvM Kvix kã) Passage Narration Gi †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| wb‡gœ KZK¸‡jv wbqg †`qv njt.
01.Reporting verb Ges Zvi subject ev object bv _vK‡j-
(a)subject wnmv‡e The Speaker.
(b)Object wnmv‡e The person Spoken to
(c) Reporting verb wnmv‡e Reported Speech Abymv‡i- tell, ask, request, order, command, propose, wish, pray, bid, thank BZ¨vw` Avb‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
Direct: ‘Do it”
Indirect: The speaker told the person spoken to do it.
02 Reporting verb Uv gv‡S ev †k‡l _vK‡jt
Indirect Kivi mgq Zv‡K sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z wb‡q Avm‡Z nq| †hgb-
Direct: “you look a little bit like my mother” Jerry said to the authoress, specially in the dark by the fire”
Indirect: “Jerry told the authoress that she looked a little bit like his mother specially in the dark by the fire.
03. ‡Kvb e³vi cici GKvw`K Dw³ _vK‡jt
(a) wØZxq Dw³i †ÿ‡Î added
(b) Z„Zxq Dw³i †ÿ‡Î further added
(c) PZz_© Dw³i †ÿ‡Î also said
(d) cÂg Dw³i †ÿ‡Î again said
wKš‘ 2wU Interrogative cici _vK‡j wØZxqwUi †ÿ‡Î again/also asked nq|
Direct: He said, “I can chop some wood today. I shall come again tomorrow”
Indirect: He said that he could chop some wood that day. He added that he would come again the next day.
Direct: He said, “What is your name? Where do you live?”
Indirect: He asked What my name was. He also asked Where I lived.
04. Reported speech-G “yes/no” _vK‡jt
Indirect G Replied in the affirmative/negative + yes/no Gi ci AviI wKQz _vK‡j-
a. Replied in the affirmative /negative that+ evKx Ask/
and told that +evKx Ask
b. Subject + c~‡e©i cÖkœ ev‡K¨i mv‡_ m½wZc~b© auxiliary verb em‡e| †hgb-
Direct: Shima said to Sabina, “Are you going to Chittagong
Indirect: Shima asked Sabina if she was going to Chittagong
05. Direct speech-G sir _vK‡j: sir Gi cwie‡Z© respectfullye¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
Direct: “yes, Sir” She replied, “I have done my duty”
Indirect : She replied respectfully in the affirmative that she had done her duty.
06. Direct speech-G KvD‡K †Kvb wKQz e‡j address Kiv n‡jt
Indirect-G Reporting verb Gi KZ©vi c~‡e© addressing (N/P) as- friend/brother/sister emv‡Z nq| †hgb-
Direct: “Are you hungry, friend?” said the shrewd king.
Indirect: Addressing them ad friends, the shrewd king asked if they were hungry.
07. Direct speech –G by Allah/God/Jove/My life _vK‡jt
Indirect: Gi ïiæ‡Z swearing by Allah/ God/Jove/My lifee‡m| †hgb-
Direct: By Allah “be replied” I will not leave this house”
Indirect : Swearing by Allah by replied that he would not leave that house.
08. Inverted comma Gi evB‡I †Kvb phrase ev clause _vK‡jt
Direct G Zv AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq ïiæ‡ZB e‡m| †hgb-
Direct :”Are you brothers?” said the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes.
Indirect: Turning to the dervishes the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.
09.Dircet speech-G Assertive sentence Gi †k‡l cÖkœ‡evaK wPý _vK‡jt
Indirect Kivi mgq Reporting verb Gi c~‡e© being surprisedwjL‡Z n‡e
Reporting verb ‡K ask –G cwiewZ©Z Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
Direct: She said to me , “ you have remembered how she looked all these years?
Indirect: being surprised she asked me if I had remembered how she had looked all those years.
10. Direct speech G thank you _K‡j Indirect Kivi mgqReporting verb Gi subject+ thanked+ reporting verb object e‡m| †hgb-
Direct : He said to me “Thank you”
Indirect: He thanked me.
11. Direct speech G “Good bye” _vK‡j indirect Kivi mgqReporting verb Gi subject+ bade+ object+ good bye e‡m|
Direct: He said, “Good bye my friends”
Indirect: He bade his friends good-bye.
12. Direct speech G Good Morning/ Good evening/Good night _vK‡j
Indirect Kivi mgq Reporting verb Gi subject+ wished+ good evening/ good night /good morning e‡m|
Direct: I said to him, “Good morning”
Indirect: I wished him good morning.
13. Direct speech G sentence Gi cÖ_‡g pronoun Ges c‡i noun _vK‡jt
Indirect G cÖ_‡g noun emv‡Z nq| †hgb-
Direct: He said to me, “Believe, I Mr Rana, is quite innocent”
Indirect: Mr Rana told me to believe that he was quite innocent.
14. Direct speech G Optative sentence G Reporting verbGici object _vK‡j indirect G ïay pray Gi †ÿ‡Î pray for nq| †hgb-
Direct: Mother said to me ‘May Allah bless you”
Indirect: Mother prayed for me that Allah might bless me.
15. Direct speech G Exclamatory sentence G what Geshow _vK‡j Indirect speech G h_vµ‡g Great, very e‡m| †hgb-
Direct: He said to me, ”What a fool you are”
Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that I was a great fool.
16.Direct speech G Reporting verb past tense bv n‡qpresent/future n‡j indirect G wbKUeZx Ges `~ieZx© kã cwiewZ©Z nq bv| †hgb-
Direct: He says, “I am ill now”
Indirect: He says that he is ill now.
17.Direct G never _K‡j indirect G not to e‡m| †hgb-
Direct: He said to me, “Never tell a lie”
Indirect: He advised me not to tell a lie.
18 .Direct G cÖ¯Ív‡ei c‡I object _vK‡j Indirect G propose toe‡m
Direct: He said to me “Let us go to the picnic “
Indirect:He proposed to me that they should go to the picnic.
19.Direct speech G we ×viv gvbeRvwZ eySv‡jt Indirect G Zv cwiewZ©Z nq bv| †hgb-
Direct: He said, “We shall all die”
Indirect: He said that we shall all die.
20.We ×viv hw` e³v I hv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡I ejv nq GB `yBRb‡K eySv‡bv nq Z‡e G‡`I g‡a¨t
a) GKRb 1st person n‡j we AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
b) GKRb 2nd person n‡j we cwiewZ©Z n‡q you nq|
c) GKRb 1st person Ges 2nd person bv _vK‡j us cwiewZ©Z n‡qthey nq|
I said to old man, “What are you doing?” “I am watching the boys swimming in the pond,” he said. “How happy they are! May Allah bless them.” “Let me sit by you and enjoy the scene.” I said.(Avwg e„ׇjvKwU‡K ejjvg, ÒZzwg wK Ki‡Qv?Ó ÒAvwg evjK‡`i b`x‡Z mvZvi KvUv†`LwQ|Ó‡m ejj| ÒZviv wK myLx!ÓAvjvn Zv‡`i g½j Ki“Y|Avgv‡K †Zvgvi cv‡k¦© em‡Z `vI Ges `„k¨wU Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z `vI|Ó Avwg ejjvg|)
we‡klYt GUv `y R‡bi g‡a¨Kvi msjvc| GKRb e„ׇjvK Ges Avwg|GLvbKvi evK¨¸wj n‡jvt | |
What are you doing now? | Interrogative sentence |
I am watching the boys swimming in the pond. | Assertive sentence |
How happy they are! | Exclamatory sentence |
May Allah bless them | Optative sentence |
Let me sit by you and enjoy the scene. | Imperative sentence |
GLv‡b 1g evK¨ cÖkœKZ©v Avwg Ges Avgvi evK¨wU Interrogative sentence ,wØZxq ev‡K¨wU DËi`vZvi Avi wZwb n‡”Qb GKRb e„&ׇjvK Ges evK¨wU Assertive sentence G Av‡Q|Z…Zxq evK¨wU wUI e„ׇjvKwUi Ges evK¨wU Exclamatory sentence G Av‡Q| PZz_© evK¨wU I e„ׇjvKwUi Ges evK¨wUOptative sentence G Av‡Q| 5g evK¨wU Avgvi Ges evK¨wU Imperative sentence G Av‡Q| Gevi Avgiv Gme evK¨ ‡K av‡c av‡c Ki‡ev | |
1g evK¨t Direct Speech: I said to old man, “What are you doing?” [Reported speech Gi Aš—M©Z Interrogative sentence wU hw` what ×viv m~wPZ nq, †m †¶‡Î ‡mLv‡b Dc‡iv³ Interrogative word B e¨eüZ nq|] Structure: Subject+ asked +object + wh+ Reported speech Gi Subject +verb+ evwK Ask Indirect Speech: I asked the old man what he was doing. | |
2q evK¨t Direct Speech: “I am watching the boys swimming in the pond,” he said. Structure: Subject+ replied +that +Reported speech Gi Subject +verb+ evwKAsk + Indirect Speech: He replied that he was watching the boys swimming in the pond. | |
3q evK¨t he said. “How happy they are! Subject +exclaimed+that +reported speech Gi sub +verb (past form) +very +adj.+ -- Indirect Speech: He also exclaimed that they were very happy. | |
4_© evK¨t Direct : He said. “May Allah bless them.” Subject+ again +Prayed(Avjvni bvg _vK‡j)+that +reported speech Gi subject +might+ reported speech + evwK Ask| Indirect Speech: He again prayed that Allah might bless them. | |
5g evK¨t Direct : “Let me sit by you and enjoy the scene.” I said Let Øviv ïi“ AbygwZ †evSv‡j A_©vr letGi ci us bv _vK‡j t Structure : Subject +told+ object +to + +reported speech Gi verb + evwK Ask| Indirect Speech: I told the old man to let me sit by him and enjoy the scene. | |
Answer: I asked the old man what he was doing. He replied that he waswatching the boys swimming in the pond. He also exclaimed that they werevery happy. He again prayed that Allah might bless them. I requested the old man to let me sit by him and enjoy the scene.
Tags:
Narration