Exclusive note on Transformation of Sentence
Affirmative to Negative
Rule-4: As soon as থাকলে no sooner had + প্রদত্ত বাক্যের subject + verb-এর past participle form + than + দ্বিতীয় clause-এর past form বসবে। যেমন:
Example:
Affirmative: As soon as the rain stopped, we came back home.
Negative: No sooner had the rain stopped than we came back home.
Affirmative: As soon as he arrived at the airport, the plane went off.
Negative: No sooner had he arrived at the airport than the plane went off.
Affirmative: As soon as we reached the station, the train left.
Negative: No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
Try Yourself:
(a) As soon as we reached college, the bell rang.
(b) As soon as he arrived at the bus stand, the bus started.
(c) As soon as they reached the station, the train left.
(d) As soon as the students reached the college, the class started.
Rule-5: Affirmative sentence-এ যদি superlative degree-এর adjective থাকে তবে তাকে negative করার সময় no other + adjective-এর পরের অংশ + verb + as + superlative adjective-এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত বাক্যের subject বসে।
Example: Affirmative: Karim is the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as Karim.
Affirmative: Fahima is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as beautiful as Fahima.
Try Yourself: (a) Hassan is the best student in the college.
(b) Rini is the most intelligent girl in the class.
(c) He is the wisest man in the village.
(d) He is the cleverest man in the office.
(e) He was the tallest man in this village.
Rule-6: Than any other/than all other (comparative degree) যুক্তaffirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় No other + than any other/than all other-এর পরের ask + verb + adjective-এর positive form + as + subject.
Example: Affirmative: He is wiser than any other man in the village.
Negative: No other man in the village is as wise as he.
Affirmative: He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as clever as he.
Try yourself: (c) Rana is taller than any other boy in the village.
(d) The man is cleverer than any other man in this area.
Rule-7: Less ....... than যুক্ত sentence কে negative করার সময় less-এর স্থলে not as বসবে এবং than-এর স্থলে as বসে।
Example: Affirmative: They are less rich than you.
Negative: They are not as rich as you.
Affirmative: She is less brilliant than her sister.
Negative: She is not as brilliant as her sister.
Try yourself: (a) They are less rich than you.
(b) He is less brilliant than his brother.
(c) This subject is less important than English.
(d) She was less intelligent than Adnan.
(e) Rana was less honest than Mamun.Affirmative to Negative
Rule-8: Always যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় always-এর পরিবর্তে never এবং affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: You are always late.
Negative: You are never punctual.
Affirmative: I shall always support you.
Negative: I shall never oppose you.
Try Yourself: (a) They are always late.
(b) They will always support me.
(c) He was always punctual.
(d) They were always active.
(e) The nation will always remember the martyrs.
Rule-9: To.........to যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে so.......that দ্বারা negative করতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Affirmative: He was too tired to do it.
Negative: He was so tired that he could not do it.
Try yourself: (a) The man was too weak to speak. (b) He was too dull to do the sum.
(c) The man was too honest to take bribe.
Rule-10: both ... and থাকলে not only ... but also বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: Both Razu and Shilla went to college.
Negative: Not only Razu but also Shilla went to college.
Affirmative: Both Neela and Bella made a train journey.
Negative: Not only Neela but also Bella made a train journey.
Try yourself: (a) Both Mamun and Keya can do it. (b) Both the teachers and the students came to the meeting.
Rule-11: সাধারণত affirmative sentence কে negative sentence-এ পরিণত করতে হলে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসিয়ে তার আগে নিয়মমতো not বসাতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He loves me.
Negative: He does not hate me.
Affirmative: The workers were very active.
Negative: The workers were not inactive.
Some important antonyms:
No. Word Opposite Word
1. always never
2. good bad
3. friend e nemy/foe
4. active inactive
5. absent present
6. agree disagree
7. doubtful undoubtful
8. grateful ungrateful
9. honest dishonest
10. pleasant unpleasant
11. pleased displeased
12. legal illegal
13. possible impossible
14. literate illiterate
15. present absent
16. punctual late
17. regular irregular
18. responsible irresponsible
19. honest dishonest
20. happy unhappy
21. hard easy
22. honor dishonor
23. healthy unhealthy
24. love hate
25. moral immoral
26. mortal immortal
27. comfortable uncomfortable
28. obey disobey
29. obedient disobedient
30. real unreal
31. rich poor
32. remember forget
33. right wrong
34. sincere insincere
35. solvent insolvent
36. wise unwise
37. willing unwilling
38. tall short
39. heavy light
40. intelligent Dull
41. support dispute
Try yourself: (a) We love our motherland very much. (b) I shall remember you always.
(c) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader.
(d) He was a famous politician.
Assertive to Interrogative
Rule-1: বাক্যটি affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময়negative করতে হবে এবং বাক্যটি negative (না-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময় affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) করতে হবে। অর্থাৎ not থাকলে not উঠে যাবে এবং not না থাকলে not দিতে হবে। Example: Assertive: He is my brother.
Interrogative: Is he not my brother?
Assertive: Rina does not go to school.
Interrogative: Does Rina go to school?
Assertive: They could not drink the salty water.
Interrogative: Could they drink the salty water?
Try yourself: (b) He was present in the meeting.
(c) We are the citizens of Bangladesh.
(d) Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world.
(e) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
Rule-2: Auxiliary verb বিহীন assertive Sentence যদি present indefinite tense হয় তবে don’t/doesn’t এবং past indefinite tense হলে did/didn’t কে sentence-এর প্রথমে বসিয়ে interrogative করতে হয়।
Example: Assertive: He learns his lesson regularly.
Interrogative: Doesn’t he learn his lesson regularly?
Assertive: He went to school.
Interrogative: Didn’t he go to school?
Rule-3: Nobody/no one/none যুক্ত বাক্যকে interrogative করার সময় nobody/ no one/ none-এর পরিবর্তে who বসাতে হবে। আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না। তবে বাক্যটি affirmative হবে।
Example: Assertive: Nobody believes him.
Interrogative: Who believes him?
Assertive: No one will support it.
Interrogative: Who will support it?
Rule-4: Everyone/ everybody/ all যুক্ত sentence কে interrogative sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় everyone/ everybody/ all-এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে who বসবে। তারপর auxiliary verb এবং মূল verb-এর present form বসিয়ে বাকি অংশ লিখতে হবে।
Example: Assertive: Everybody wishes to be rich.
Interrogative: Who does not wish to be rich?
Assertive: Everybody hates a liar.
Interrogative: Who doesn’t hate a liar?
Assertive: Everybody praises an honest man.
Interrogative: Who does not praise an honest man?
Rule-4: As soon as থাকলে no sooner had + প্রদত্ত বাক্যের subject + verb-এর past participle form + than + দ্বিতীয় clause-এর past form বসবে। যেমন:
Example:
Affirmative: As soon as the rain stopped, we came back home.
Negative: No sooner had the rain stopped than we came back home.
Affirmative: As soon as he arrived at the airport, the plane went off.
Negative: No sooner had he arrived at the airport than the plane went off.
Affirmative: As soon as we reached the station, the train left.
Negative: No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
Try Yourself:
(a) As soon as we reached college, the bell rang.
(b) As soon as he arrived at the bus stand, the bus started.
(c) As soon as they reached the station, the train left.
(d) As soon as the students reached the college, the class started.
Rule-5: Affirmative sentence-এ যদি superlative degree-এর adjective থাকে তবে তাকে negative করার সময় no other + adjective-এর পরের অংশ + verb + as + superlative adjective-এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত বাক্যের subject বসে।
Example: Affirmative: Karim is the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as Karim.
Affirmative: Fahima is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as beautiful as Fahima.
Try Yourself: (a) Hassan is the best student in the college.
(b) Rini is the most intelligent girl in the class.
(c) He is the wisest man in the village.
(d) He is the cleverest man in the office.
(e) He was the tallest man in this village.
Rule-6: Than any other/than all other (comparative degree) যুক্তaffirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় No other + than any other/than all other-এর পরের ask + verb + adjective-এর positive form + as + subject.
Example: Affirmative: He is wiser than any other man in the village.
Negative: No other man in the village is as wise as he.
Affirmative: He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as clever as he.
Try yourself: (c) Rana is taller than any other boy in the village.
(d) The man is cleverer than any other man in this area.
Rule-7: Less ....... than যুক্ত sentence কে negative করার সময় less-এর স্থলে not as বসবে এবং than-এর স্থলে as বসে।
Example: Affirmative: They are less rich than you.
Negative: They are not as rich as you.
Affirmative: She is less brilliant than her sister.
Negative: She is not as brilliant as her sister.
Try yourself: (a) They are less rich than you.
(b) He is less brilliant than his brother.
(c) This subject is less important than English.
(d) She was less intelligent than Adnan.
(e) Rana was less honest than Mamun.Affirmative to Negative
Rule-8: Always যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করার সময় always-এর পরিবর্তে never এবং affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: You are always late.
Negative: You are never punctual.
Affirmative: I shall always support you.
Negative: I shall never oppose you.
Try Yourself: (a) They are always late.
(b) They will always support me.
(c) He was always punctual.
(d) They were always active.
(e) The nation will always remember the martyrs.
Rule-9: To.........to যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে so.......that দ্বারা negative করতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Affirmative: He was too tired to do it.
Negative: He was so tired that he could not do it.
Try yourself: (a) The man was too weak to speak. (b) He was too dull to do the sum.
(c) The man was too honest to take bribe.
Rule-10: both ... and থাকলে not only ... but also বসবে।
Example: Affirmative: Both Razu and Shilla went to college.
Negative: Not only Razu but also Shilla went to college.
Affirmative: Both Neela and Bella made a train journey.
Negative: Not only Neela but also Bella made a train journey.
Try yourself: (a) Both Mamun and Keya can do it. (b) Both the teachers and the students came to the meeting.
Rule-11: সাধারণত affirmative sentence কে negative sentence-এ পরিণত করতে হলে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের affirmative শব্দটির বিপরীত শব্দ (antonym) বসিয়ে তার আগে নিয়মমতো not বসাতে হয়।
Example: Affirmative: He loves me.
Negative: He does not hate me.
Affirmative: The workers were very active.
Negative: The workers were not inactive.
Some important antonyms:
No. Word Opposite Word
1. always never
2. good bad
3. friend e nemy/foe
4. active inactive
5. absent present
6. agree disagree
7. doubtful undoubtful
8. grateful ungrateful
9. honest dishonest
10. pleasant unpleasant
11. pleased displeased
12. legal illegal
13. possible impossible
14. literate illiterate
15. present absent
16. punctual late
17. regular irregular
18. responsible irresponsible
19. honest dishonest
20. happy unhappy
21. hard easy
22. honor dishonor
23. healthy unhealthy
24. love hate
25. moral immoral
26. mortal immortal
27. comfortable uncomfortable
28. obey disobey
29. obedient disobedient
30. real unreal
31. rich poor
32. remember forget
33. right wrong
34. sincere insincere
35. solvent insolvent
36. wise unwise
37. willing unwilling
38. tall short
39. heavy light
40. intelligent Dull
41. support dispute
Try yourself: (a) We love our motherland very much. (b) I shall remember you always.
(c) A.K Fazlul Hoque was a popular leader.
(d) He was a famous politician.
Assertive to Interrogative
Rule-1: বাক্যটি affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময়negative করতে হবে এবং বাক্যটি negative (না-বোধক) হলে interrogative করার সময় affirmative (হ্যাঁ-বোধক) করতে হবে। অর্থাৎ not থাকলে not উঠে যাবে এবং not না থাকলে not দিতে হবে। Example: Assertive: He is my brother.
Interrogative: Is he not my brother?
Assertive: Rina does not go to school.
Interrogative: Does Rina go to school?
Assertive: They could not drink the salty water.
Interrogative: Could they drink the salty water?
Try yourself: (b) He was present in the meeting.
(c) We are the citizens of Bangladesh.
(d) Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world.
(e) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
Rule-2: Auxiliary verb বিহীন assertive Sentence যদি present indefinite tense হয় তবে don’t/doesn’t এবং past indefinite tense হলে did/didn’t কে sentence-এর প্রথমে বসিয়ে interrogative করতে হয়।
Example: Assertive: He learns his lesson regularly.
Interrogative: Doesn’t he learn his lesson regularly?
Assertive: He went to school.
Interrogative: Didn’t he go to school?
Rule-3: Nobody/no one/none যুক্ত বাক্যকে interrogative করার সময় nobody/ no one/ none-এর পরিবর্তে who বসাতে হবে। আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবে না। তবে বাক্যটি affirmative হবে।
Example: Assertive: Nobody believes him.
Interrogative: Who believes him?
Assertive: No one will support it.
Interrogative: Who will support it?
Rule-4: Everyone/ everybody/ all যুক্ত sentence কে interrogative sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় everyone/ everybody/ all-এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে who বসবে। তারপর auxiliary verb এবং মূল verb-এর present form বসিয়ে বাকি অংশ লিখতে হবে।
Example: Assertive: Everybody wishes to be rich.
Interrogative: Who does not wish to be rich?
Assertive: Everybody hates a liar.
Interrogative: Who doesn’t hate a liar?
Assertive: Everybody praises an honest man.
Interrogative: Who does not praise an honest man?