Translation

[1] present simple

structure : sub+am\is\are + object

1. Avwg fvj AvwQ 2. †m PvjvK 3. dzjwU jvj 4. Zywg GKRb wk¶K 5. †Zvgviv mvnmx 6. evjKwU `yó 7. Bnv GKwU AUªvwjKv 8. KvcowU wgwn 9. Zviv Bs‡iwR‡Z `ye©j 10. GUv Avgvi Kjg 11. GUv GKwU †`vqvZ 12. Bfv my›`i †g‡q 13. Bfv fvj †g‡q 14. AvR Lye Mig 15. Avjvn me©kw³ gvb 16. MwoUv bZzb 17. wZwb GKRb wkíx 18. MwYZ Lye KwVb welq 19. Bnv GKwU Kgjv †jey20. evjKwU mr 21. Zviv abx 22. abxiv AmyLx23. †Q‡jwU Lye kw³kvjx 24. wZwb GKRb e„×‡jvK 25. `qv cigag© 26. †mŠ›`h©¨ Avb‡›`i Drm 27. wZwb GKRb evsjv‡`kx 28. Avgvi fvB GKRb wk¶K 29. mvnm K…ZKvh©Zvi ¯—¤¢ 30. GUv cÖ‡hvRbxq e¯‘ 31. Mi“ DcKvix Rš‘ 32. avwg©‡Kiv myLx 33. mwjgMÄ K‡j‡Ri QvÎiv Bs‡iRw‡Z Lye `ye©j 34. Avjvn GK 35. mZZvB m‡evrK…ó cš’v 36. e‡· cvuPwU Kjg Av‡Q 37. mvwjgMÄ K‡j‡R 350 Rb QvÎ Av‡Q 38. c„w_ex †MvjvKvi 39. GwU GKwU †cPv 40. Zzwg GKRb BD‡ivcxqvb|

structure : sub+have/has + object

(1) Avgvi `kwU Kjg Av‡Q (2) Kwi‡gi wZbwU †Q‡j Av‡Q (3) Zvnvi †Kvb mš—vb †bB (4) Bfvi GKwU dzj`vwb Av‡Q (5) Avgv‡`i GKwU †`vZjv evox Av‡Q (6) Zv‡`i XvKvq GKwU †`vKvb Av‡Q (7) Zvi GK †Rvov RyZv Av‡Q (8) f`ª ‡jvKwUi GKwU KzKzi Av‡Q (9) Zvi GKwU fvB I GKwU ‡evb Av‡Q (10) Zvi GKwU fvB‡cv I GKwU fvBwS Av‡Q (11) Avgv‡`i GKwU †Uwjwfkb Av‡Q (12) P‡›`ªi wb‡Ri Av‡jv †bB (13) cvwbi wb‡Ri is †bB (14) Zvi gv †bB (15) Zv‡`i GKwU Mvox Av‡Q

structure : sub+verb(s/es) + object

1. Mi“ Avgv‡`i `ya †`q| (2) Zviv Bs‡iRx c‡o (3) m~h© c~e© w`‡K Dw`Z nq (4) P›`ª iv‡Z wKiY †`q (5) Kwig gv‡V KvR K‡i (6) Zviv cv‡q ‡nu‡U ¯‹z‡j hvq (7) Bfv cÖwZw`b GK Mvm `ya Lvq (8) Bfv GKwU Mvb Mvq (9) mZ¨ev`x †jvK memgq mZ¨ K_v e‡j (10) Avwg KvR Ki‡Z PvB (11) †Q‡jiv gv‡V dzUej †L‡j (12) Avgvi fvB XvKvq KvR K‡ib (13) c„w_ex m~‡h©i Pvwiw`‡K Ny‡i (14) Avwg mwjgM‡Ä evm Kwi (15) †m cÖZ¨n `yB evi fvZ Lvq (16) †m me©`v wg_¨v K_v e‡j (17) Avwg mKv‡j nvwU (18) Kwig me©`v ev‡R e‡K (19) Avgiv Avgv‡`i †`k‡K fvjevwm (20) wg_¨vev`x‡K †KD cQ›` K‡i bv (21) cvwL AvKv‡k D‡o (22) evj‡Kiv cyKz‡i mvZvi Kv‡U (23) Avgiv `ycy‡i †Lwj bv (24) Avgiv b`x‡Z †Mvmj Kwi (25) QvÎiv gv‡V MvQ †ivcb K‡i (26) Kb¨vwU Zvi wcZv‡K Lye fvjev‡m (27) Avwg Bs‡iRx covB (28) wZwb Pv cvb K‡ib (29) Avwg †Zvgv‡K wek¦vm Kwi| (30) cÖ‡Z¨K gv Zvi mš—vb‡K fvjev‡m (31) w`‡bi ci ivZ Av‡m (32) gv †ivR KyiAvb c‡ob (33) ZvRgnj Lye my›`i †`Lvq (34) wf¶zKwU av‡i av‡i wf¶v K‡i (35) †R‡jiv gvQ a‡ib|

[2]Present Continuous Tense :subject+ am/is/are+v+ing +object

1)Bfv eB co‡Q (2) †m gv‡V KvR Ki‡Q (3) †Q‡jiv ej †Lj‡Q (4) Avwg GK Kvc Pv Lvw”Q (5) Avwg Avgvi eÜzi Kv‡Q wPwV wjLwQ (6) Zviv bv‡PQ (7) Avwg M‡íi eB cowQ (8) wkïwU Kuv`‡Q (9) †m cyKz‡i †Mvmj Ki‡Q (10) e„wó co‡Q (11) Kwjb G mßv‡n K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki‡Q (12) Avwg Bfv‡K †LuvR KiwQ (13) c„w_ex cwieZ©b n‡”Q (14) Ae¯’v w`b w`b Lvivc n‡”Q (15) Bfv I AvKv K_v ej‡Q (16) Avwg Nygv‡Z hvw”Q (17) evjK¸‡jv b`x‡Z mvZvi KvU‡Q (18) Avwg R¡‡i fyMwQ (19) †m †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q (20) †g‡qwU cov wkL‡Q |

[3] Present Perfect Tense: subject+have/has+v.p.p.+object.

1)Avwg fvZ †L‡qwQ (2) Zzwg KvRwU K‡iQ (3) †m MvmwU †f‡½‡Q (4) Avgiv KvRwU †kl K‡iwQ (5) Bfv wPwV wj‡L‡Q (6) Avwg Pv cvb K‡iwQ (7) †m GKwU mvc †g‡i‡Q (8) Avwg Zv‡K wbgš¿Y K‡iwQ (9) cywjk †Pvi‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i‡Q (10) Bfv GB gvÎ †cŠ‡Q‡Q (11) Avwg cix¶vq cvk K‡iwQ (13) Avwg BwZg‡a¨ AsKwU K‡i †d‡jwQ (14) Avwg †cwÝjwU wb‡qwQ (15) Zzwg Lye Ab¨vq K‡iQ|

[4] Present Perfect Continuous Tense: sub+have/has+been+verb+ing+ object

(1) Avwg GK N›Uv a‡i eB cowQ (2) mKvj n‡Z e„wó n‡”Q (3) Avwg A‡bK w`b hver †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQ (4) †Q‡jwU GK N›Uv hver cov wkL‡Q (5) Avwg 2000 mvj †_‡K GB ¯‹z‡j cowQ (6) wkïwU mKvj n‡Z Nygv‡”Q (7) Zviv cuvP eQi hver GK Lv‡b evm Ki‡Q (8) Avwg wZb w`b hver R¡‡i f~MwQ (9) weKvj n‡Z †m gv‡V KvR Ki‡Q (10) Avwg `kUv †_‡K †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQ |

[5] Past Simple :

Subject + was /were+ object

(1) †jvKwU Mixe wQj (2) dzjwU jvj wQj (3) Kwi‡gi eÜziv Lye mvnmx wQj (4) evjKwU `yó wQj (5) Zviv evsjvq `ye©j wQj (6) †m GKRb wkíx wQ‡jb (7) Zviv abx wQ‡jb (8) iex›`ªbv_ GKRb Kwe wQ‡jb (9) kirP›`ª GKRb weL¨vZ Jcb¨vwmK wQ‡jb (10) †g‡qwUi eqm cuvP eQi wQj|

subject + had + object

(1) iwn‡gi GKwU eÜz wQj (2) Avgvi cuvPwU Kgjv‡jey wQj (3) wgwbi A‡bK¸‡jv †Ljbv wQj (4) †LvK‡bi GKwU PjwZ e¨emv wQj (5) Zvi GK †Rvov my›`i RyZv wQj (6) f`ª‡jvKwUi GKwU KzKzi wQj (7) Zv‡`i GKwU Mvox wQj (8) Zv‡`i XvKvq GKwU †`vKvb wQj (9) Avgv‡`i GKwU mv`v-Kv‡jv wUwf wQj (10) Zvi K‡qKRb eÜz wQj|

subject + v.p. + object

(1) †m MZKvj G‡mwQj (2) Zviv †ek fv‡jv †L‡jwQj (3) Bfv GKwU eB wK‡bwQj (4) Avwg AsKwU K‡iwQjvg (5) N‡i †Pvi cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj (6) wZwb jÛ‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb (7) Avwg †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v K‡iwQjvg (8) †m Bs‡iRx c‡owQj (9) Avwg Zv‡K wek¦vm K‡iwQjvg (10) Kvgvj ¯‹zj Z¨vM K‡iwQj |

[6] Past Continuous: Subject+was/were+V+ing +object

(1) Bfv GKwU wPwV wjLwQj (2) Avwg GKwU Qwe AuvKwQjvg (3) evjK¸‡jv gv‡V dzUej †LjwQj (4) QvÎiv wk¶‡Ki K_v ïbwQj (5) †m euvwk evRvw”Qj (6) cvwL¸‡jv AvKv‡k DowQj (7) Zviv b`x‡Z mvZvi KvUwQj (8) wkïwU Nygvw”Qj (9) †m Le‡ii KvMR cowQj (10) ZLb e„wó cowQj (11) mKv‡j ¸wo ¸wo e„wó nw”Qj (12) wibv I exbv Mvb Mvw”Qj (13) Avgiv BwZnvm cowQjvg (14) Zviv SMov KiwQj (15) KzKzi ¸‡jv iv¯—vq †ND †ND KiwQj

[7] Past Perfect: Subject+had+ v.p.p+object

(1) Wv³vi Avmvi ci †ivMx gviv †Mj (2) Wv³vi Avmvi c~‡e© †ivMx gviv ‡Mj (3) Avgiv †÷k‡b †cŠQvi c~‡e© Mvwo †Q‡owQj (4) Avgiv †÷k‡b †cŠQvi ci Mvox †Q‡owQj| (5) m~h© DVvi c~‡e© Avwg Nyg †_‡K DVjvg (6) †m ejj †h, †m GKwU mvc †g‡iwQj (7) †Ljv †`Lvi ci Avgiv evox wdijvg (8) e„wó ïi“ nIqvi c~‡e© Zviv evox wdij| (9) Avwg ivRkvnx hvIqvi c~‡e© evox wM‡qwQjvg (10) Avwg ¯‹z‡j †cŠQvi c~‡e© N›Uv evwR‡qwQj|

[8] Past Perfect Continuous: Subject+had been+V+ing+object

(1) †m GLv‡b †cŠQvi cy‡e© e„wó nw”Qj (2) nvmcvZv‡j hvIqvi c~‡e© †m R¡‡i fyM‡ZwQj (3) Zzwg Avmvi c~‡e© Avwg Ny‡gvw”Qjvg| (4) Zzwg Avmvi c~e© ch©š— †Zvgvi gv wPš—v KiwQ‡jb (5) †m Avmvi c~‡e© Avwg fvZ Lvw”Qjvg (6) Avwg hvIqvi c~‡e© †m cª¯ËwZ wbwPQj (7) 20 wgwbU A‡c¶v Kivi ci evm Avmj (8) Qq gvm hver Avwg Bnv wjL‡Z wQjvg (9) evwni nIqvi c~‡e© †m `yB N›Uv cowQj (10) Avgiv LvIqvi c~e© ch©š— Mí KiwQjvg|

[9] Future Indefinite Tense : Subject+shall/will+verb+object

(1) Avwg evox hve (2) wZwb evox hv‡eb (3) Avwg KvRwU Kie (4) Rwmg Avgv‡K UvKv avi w`‡e (5) AvMvgx Kvj ¯‹zj eÜ _vK‡e (6) Avwg Bfvi m‡½ †`Lv Kie (7) †m Avgv‡K GKwU Kjg w`‡e (8) Zviv †mLv‡b hv‡e (9) wk¶v gš¿x Avgv‡`i we`¨vjq cwi`k©b Ki‡eb| (10) Avgiv cÖavb wk¶‡Ki wbKU Av‡e`b Kie (11) wZwb AvMvgx mßv‡n evox Avm‡eb (12) Zviv †Mvjgvj Ki‡e (13) Avwg †Zvgvi m‡½ hv‡ev (14) Avwg webv †eZ‡b covi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡ev (15) Kwig Zvi evevi Rb¨ UvKv cvVv‡e|

[10] : Subject+shall/will + be+verb +ing +object

[11] : Passive Voice

(A) Present Indefinite : object+ am/ is/are +v.p.p.

1.evsjv‡`‡k cvU Drcvw`Z nq|-------------------------------- Jute is grown in Bangladesh.

2. A‡bK †`‡k cÖavb Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e fvZ LvIqv nq|-------------- Rice is eaten as main food in many countres.

3.we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡k Bs‡iwR ejv n‡q _v‡K|-------------------- English is spoken in many countries of the world.

4. Mg †_‡K AvUv ŠZix nq|-------------------------------..----Flour is made from wheat.

5. mKj‡K Pzc _vK‡Z Aby‡iva Kiv n‡”Q----------------------- All are requested to keep silent.

6. cïPwiÎIqvjv Mí‡K ÔdejÕ ejv nq------------------------- A story with animal characters is called a fable.

(B) Present Continuous: object+am/ is/ are+ being+v.p.p

1. weªRwU wbwg©Z n‡”Q---------------……--The bridge is being built.

2. fvZ ivbœv Kiv n‡”Q--------------------.-- Rice is being cooked.

3. e¨vcviwU Av‡jvwPZ n‡”Q --------…-------The matter is being discussed.

4. mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb Kiv n‡”Q -------------The problems are being solved.

5. ‡m Awfhy³ n‡Z hv‡”Q-------------------- He is going to be accused.

(C) Present Perfect :object+have/has+been+v.p.p

1. KvRwU Kiv n‡q‡Q-------------------------------------- The work has been done.

2. eB¸‡jv cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q---------------------------------The books have been sent.

3. Avgv‡K †mLv‡b †h‡Z Aby‡iva Kiv n‡q‡Q---------------- I have been requested to go there.

4. mevB‡K AeMZ Kiv n‡q‡Q------------------------------ Everybody has been in formed.

5. wkïwUi bvg AwbZv ivLv n‡q‡Q-------------------------- The baby has been named Anita.

6. Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q------------------------------He has been forgiven.

(D) Past Indefinite :object+was/were+v.p.p

1. weªRwU 1990 mv‡j wbwg©Z n‡qwQj --------------------the bridge was constructed in 1990.

2. QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i Rb¨ GKwU MÖš’vMvi ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj -...---A library was established for the students.

3. Zv‡K A‡bK cÖkœ Kiv n‡qwQj------------------------- He was asked many questions.

4. Avgv‡`i‡K `vIqvZ Kiv nqwb -----------------------We were not invited.

4. Avgvi NwowU Pzwi n‡qwQj ----------------------------My watch was stolen

5. Zv‡K cix¶v †_‡K evwn®‹vi Kiv n‡qwQj --------------He was expelled from the examination.

(E)Past Continuous: object+was/were+ being+v.p.p

1. Mixe‡`i g‡a¨ Lv`¨ weZiY Kiv nw”Qj---------- Food was being distributed among the poor.

2. welqwU A†bKw`b Av‡jvwPZ nw”Qj.------------ The matter was being discussed for long.

3. Z_b MíwU ejv nw”Qj------------------------The story was being told then.

4. iv¯—vwU `ª“ZZvi mv‡_ wbwg©Z nw”Qj -------------The road was being constructed fast.

5. Avgv‡`i mv‡_ `ye©¨envi Kiv nw”Qj ------------We were being ill-treated.

(F)Future Indefinite: object+shall be/will be+v.v.p

1. ‡Zvgv‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡e ----------------------------------You will be informed.

2. mgm¨vwUi mgvavb Kiv n‡e----------------------------- The problem will be solved.

3. Zv‡`i‡K wbgš¿b Kiv n‡e bv--------------------------- They will not be invited.

4. GLv‡b GKwU †mZz ˆZix n‡e--------------------------- A bridge will be built here.

5. Zv‡K nvmcvZv‡j †bqv n‡e ----------------------------He will be taken to the hospital.

(G)Future Continuous: object+shall be/will be+being+v.v.p

1. LvjwU Lbb Kiv n‡Z _vK‡e ---------------------The canal will be being dug.

2. b`x‡Z gvQ aiv co‡Z _vK‡e-------------------- Fish will be being caught in the river.

3. eb¨vi mgq eb¨vcxwoZ gvby‡li mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡Z _vK‡e= The affected people will be being helped during the flood

(H)Future perfect :object+shall/will+have+v.v.p

1 weKvj cuvPUvi g‡a¨ KvRwU mgvß n‡e= The worked will have been finished by 5 p.m

2. 2015 mv‡j g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k †_‡K `vwi`ª `yixf~Z n‡e =Poverty will have been removed from Bangladesh by 2015

3. AvMvgx `yB eQ‡ii g‡a¨ GLv‡b GKwU K‡jR cÖwZwôv Kiv n‡e =A college will have been established here by next tow years

(I) Imperative Sentence: Let+object+be+v.v.p

1. GUv G¶zwb Kiv †nvK--------------------------------Let it be done at once.

2. Zv‡K mZ©K Kiv †nvK †hb Avi aygcvb bv K‡i --------Let him be warned not to smoke again.

3. Zv‡K GwU Ki‡Z †`qv †nvK-------------------------- Let it be done by him

4. Zv‡`i‡K fvZ †L‡Z †`qv †nvK ----------------------Let rice be eaten by them.

5. eBwU †hb bv cov nq-------------------------------- Let not the book be read.

6. LeiwU †hb cÖKvk bv Kiv nq------------------------- Let not the news be revealed.

7. KL‡bv †hb wg_¨v bv ejv nq -------------------------Let never a lie be told.

8. KL‡bv †hb Mixe‡`i N„bv bv Kiv nq----------------- Let never the poor be hated.

(J)Modal Auxiliaries:object+modal+be+v.v.p

1. GUv `yfve Kiv hvq/ †h‡Z cv‡i =It can be done in two ways.

2. evP¨‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq = Voice can be divided into two types.

3. eo‡`i kª×wš^Z /kª×vcÖvß nIqv DwPZ =Elders should be respected.

4. KvRwU Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e =The worked must be done.

5. GKwU bZzb †Uwej wKb‡Z n‡e = A new table has to be bought.

6. AvBb gvb¨ Kiv DwPZ =Law ought to be obeyed.

[12]Infinitive

1| iwng M‡íi eB co‡Z fvj ev‡m| 2| Avwg Zv‡K †`L‡Z wM‡qwQjvg 3| Avwg Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z Iqv`v K‡iwQjvg 4| †m Zvnvi †`vl ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi Kij| 5| wekªvg †bIqvi Rb¨ †mbvevwnbx ‡_‡gwQj | 6| GB KvRwU Kiv k³ 7& | †Q‡jwU‡K eyw×gvb e‡j g‡b nq | 8| Avwg Zv‡K wb‡`©vl e‡j wek¦vm Kwi| 9| Avwg Bnv j¾vi welq e‡j g‡b Kwi| 10| Avwg Zvnv‡K e· Lyj‡Z w`jvg 11| Avwg Zv‡K `iRv eÜ Ki‡Z ejjvg| 12| GB NiwU fvov †`Iqv n‡e| 13| †m Avwk ermi evwPqv wQj | 14| Zvnv‡`i GLb †h‡Z n‡e| 15| GB RvbvjvwU †Lvjv k³ | 16| fyj Kiv gvby‡li ¯^fve 17| ¶gv Kiv ¯^Mx©q ¸b| 18| ågb Kiv fvj e¨vqvg 19| Pzwi Kiv Aciva| 20| Avwg BwZnvm cov cQ›` Kwi| 21| A‡b¨i †`vl aiv mnR | 22| cÖv_©bv Kiv fvj 23| KgjvwU LvB‡Z UK| 24| Avwg wjwLevi Kjg PvB | 25| Avgvi wjwLevi KvMR †bB | 26| Zv‡K ewmevi GKwU †Pqvi `vI| 27| Zvi cwievi RyZv †bB | 28| †m wjwLevi Kvwj wKbj 29| †Zvgvi K…ZKvh©Zvi msev` ï‡b Avwg Avbw›`Z njvg 30| †m wjL‡Z Rv‡b bv | 31| †m co‡Z Rv‡b bv | 32| †m mvZvi KvU‡Z Rv‡b bv 33| GLb bv¯—v LvIqvi mgq | 34| GLb covi mgq | 35| Avgv‡K wbqwgZ Awd‡m †h‡Z nq | 36| QvÎ‡`i g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ co‡Z nh| 37| Zv‡`i me `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq | 38| Avgv‡`i‡K ˆah¨© ai‡Z nq 39| Zv‡`i A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z nq|

[13]so................that

1| Avwg GZB `ye©j †h GK BwÂ bo‡Z cvwi bv | 2| Zviv GZ †ekx Z…òvZ© †h K_v ej‡Z cv‡iwb| 3| †m GZ Mixe wQj †h GKwU †PBb wKb‡Z cv‡iwb | 4| Pv wU GZB †ekx Mig †h, cvb Kiv hvq bv | 5| †m GZ `ye©j †h nvU‡Z cv‡i bv| 6| †m GZB K¬vš— †h K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| 7| evjKwU GZ †QvU †h KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv | 8| †m GZ †evKv ‡h GB mnR welqwU eyS‡Z cv‡i bv | 9| †m GZ Amr †h mZ¨ K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv | 10| †m GZ Lv‡Uv †h Qv` QyB‡Z cv‡i bv |

[14] so+adjective .....................+that+subject

1| KweZvwU GK KwVb †h wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ibv bv | 2| iv¯—vwU GZ mi“ ‡h wi·v Pj‡Z cv‡i bv | 3| †evSvwU GZ fvix ‡h †m enb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv | 4| †m GZ `ªªyZ K_v e‡jwQj †h Avgiv Zv‡K eyS‡Z cvwi bvB | 5| mgm¨v wU GZ KwVb †h Avgiv mgvavb Ki‡Z cvwi bv | 6| Pv-wU GZ Mig wQj †h †m cvb Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB| 7| AvenvIqv GZ VvÛv wQj ‡h Avgiv evwni n‡Z cvwiwb | 8| cvwb GZ jebv³ wQj †h Avgiv cvb Ki‡Z cvwi bvB |

[15]Bare Infinitives :(Let, need, dare, hear, see, bid, make, can not help G¸‡jvi ci Ôto' e‡m bv)

[16] Present Participle

1| d‚Uš— R‡j nvZ w`I bv | 2| dzUš— d‚j †`L‡Z my›`i | 3| Av¯—vqgvb my‡h©i w`‡K ZvKvI | 4| Pjš— ev‡m DwVI bv | 5| Nygš— wmsn‡K RvMvBqI bv| 6| †Q‡jwU †`ŠovB‡Z †`ŠovB‡Z Avgvi wbKU Avwmj | 7| iwng GKwU Doš— cvwL‡K ¸wj Kwij | 8| wkïwU bvP‡Z bvP‡Z Avgvi wbKU Avmj | 9| †m †`Šov‡Z †`Šov‡Z †Mj 10| †m nvm‡Z nvm‡Z K_v ejwQj 11| †m evRvi Ki‡Z hv‡”Q 12| Avwg Zv‡K iv¯—v cvi n‡Z †`Ljvg 13| †m evRvi Ki‡Z hv‡”Q | 14| ‡m N›UvUv evR †Z ïbj 15| Avwg Zv‡K †cvlvK cvëv‡Z †`Ljvg|16| †m Zvm ‡L‡j mgqUzKz bó Kij | 17| †m evwowU is Kivi Kv‡R A‡bK UvKv e¨q Kij|

[17] Past Participle

[18]Grerund

[19]Verbal Noun

1| BwZnvm cov Avgv‡K Avb›` †`q 2| Avwg KweZv cov cQ›` Kwi | 3| msev` cÎ cov GKwU fvj Af¨vm | 4| D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj Kiv K‡ói KvR| 5| e¨vqvg ¯^v‡ö¨i c‡¶¨ fvj |

[20]Introductory "There"

(ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ hw` Clear Subject bv _v‡K Zvn‡j There w`‡q evK¨ ïi“ Ki‡Z nq | G‡¶‡Î There = †mLv‡b bq | Note :-

There memgq ¯’vb ÁvcK ev‡K¨ e‡m|)

1| Avgv‡`i MÖv‡g GKwU wek¦we`¨vjq A‡Q| 2| Zv‡`i GjvKvq †Kvb †cv÷ Awdm †bB | 3| †Uwe‡ji Dci GKwU eB Av‡Q| 4| mvfv‡i GKwU Kg©e¨¯— e›`i wQj | 5| Lyjbvq GKwU mgy`ª e›`i wQj | 6| gv‡V Lye fxo wQj| 7| G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb m‡›`n †bB | 8| MÖv‡g †Kvb cvVvMvi †bB | 9| †`vqvZwU‡Z †Kvb Kvwj †bB | 10 | b`x‡Z GL‡bv †bŠKv wQj | 11| mwjgMÄ K‡j‡R 300 QvÎ Av‡Q| 12| Avgv‡`i jvB‡eªix‡Z A‡bK eB Av‡Q| 13| Avgv‡`i K‡j‡R GKwU Kgb i“g Av‡Q| 14| Avgv‡`i K‡j‡R cuwPk wUPvi Av‡Q| 15| Avgv‡`i K‡j‡R GKwU K¨vw›Ub Av‡Q|

[21]Introductory "It"

( There Gi gZ It Gi †Kvb A_© †bB | Bnv evK¨ Avi¤¢ Kivi Rb¨ e¨en„Z nq | Introductory

It mgq ÁvcK ev‡K¨ e‡m|)

1| GLb MÖx¯§Kvj 2| AvR Lye Mig 3| GLb †ejv mv‡o `kUv 4| GLb mIqv `kUv 5| GLb †ejv GMviUv |6| GBgvÎ cuvPUv evwRj 7| GLb mvZUv evR‡Z cuvP wgwbU evKx | 8| GLb AvUUv †e‡R `k wgwbU | 9| AvR Kb K‡b kxZ 10| GLb e„wó co‡Q| 11| gylj av‡i e„wó co‡Q| 12| ¸wo ¸wo e„wó co‡Z‡Q 13| AvR iv‡Z eid co‡Z cv‡i | 14| GLb hvevi mgq nqwb| 15| wkwki co‡Q| 16| Zzlvi co‡Q| 17| GB ¯’v‡b VvÛv co‡Q| 17| GLb †Rvqvi 18| GLb fvUv 19| my›`i GB mKvj | 20| GLb hvevi mgq n‡q‡Q| 21| GLb Zv‡`i †Ljvi mgq | 22| ejv mnR wKš‘ Kiv KwVb| 23| Giƒc fvev fyj bq | 24| ¸i“Rb‡K m¤§vb Kiv Avgv‡`i KZ©e¨ | 25| Avnv‡ii ci øvb Kiv fvj bq | 26| wg_¨v K_v ejv †Kvb fvj KvR bq | 27| wcZvgvZvi Av‡`k gvb¨ Kiv Avgv‡`i KZ©e¨ | 28| eoB `yt †Li welq |

[22] Articles

1| Avgv‡K GKwU M‡íi e&B `vI | 2| mvZ w`‡b GK mßvn nq| 3| Aí we`¨v fqsKix | 4| †m †ek PgrKvi †jvK| 5| Avwg gv‡m cuvPk UvKv †ivRMvi Kwi| 6| †Zvgvi gZ †evKv Avi †`wLwb | 7| Ajm e¨w³ KL‡bv myLx nq bv | 8| †m N›Uvq cuvP gvBj †e‡M nvUwQj | 9| Avgv‡`i Aa¨¶ mv‡ne GKRb Gg. G.| 10| Avg¸wj Szwo‡Z †i‡L `vI 11| †Mvjvc mKj dz‡ji †miv | 12| abxiv me©`v myLx bq | 13| wmsn cï‡`i ivRv 14| c„w_ex m~‡h©¨i Pvwiw`‡K †Nv‡i | 15| emš—Kv‡j Mv‡Q bZzb cvZv R‡b¥ | 16| KziAvb gymjgvb‡`i ag© cy¯—K| 17| Avwg cÖZ¨n B‡ËdvK cwo| 18| hZ ZvovZvwo ZZ fvj | 19| hZ †ekx co‡e ZZ †ekx wkL‡Z cvi‡e| 20| hZ †ekx KvR Kwi ZZ †ekx Avb›` nq | 21| XvKv GKwU eo kni | 22| Rj Qvov †KD euvP‡Z cv‡i bv | 23| †jvnv cÖ‡qvRbxq avZz | 24| mZZvB ‡kªô cš’v | 25| †gŠbZvB m¤§wZi j¶Y 26| AvZœwek¦vm mvd‡j¨i g~j | 27| cyb¨B cy‡b¨i cyi¯‹vi | 28| mr‡jvK me©Î m¤§vwbZ|

[23]Sentence

(A)Assertive Sentence

1| cwikªg mKj my‡Li g~j | 2| †m Gevi cix¶vq cvk K‡i‡Q| 3| evsjv‡k Avgv‡`i Rb¥fywg | 4| myw`b Avevi Avm‡e| 5| evsjv‡`k GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`k | 6| iex›`ªbv_ 1913 mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †c‡qwQ‡jb |7| Mvwi‡eiv w`b Av‡b w`b Lvq | 8| wf¶zKwU Øv‡i Øv‡i wf¶v Ki‡Q| 9| iwng aygcvb K‡i bv | 10| mgq I †mªvZ Kv‡iv Rb¨ A‡c¶v K‡i bv | 11| cÖ‡Z¨K gv Zvi mš—vb‡K fvjev‡m| 12| mevB fv‡jv †Q‡j‡K fvjev‡m| 13| k¨vgj gv‡V d‚Uej †L‡j 14| myh© cye© w`‡K D‡V Ges cwðg w`‡K A¯— hvq | 15| †m K‡Lv‡bv c‡ii wb›`v K‡i bv |

(B) Interrogative Sentence

(C) Imperative Sentence

1| evRv‡i hvI| 2| `qv K‡i Avcbvi eBwU avi w`b| 3| `qv K‡i Kvj GLv‡b Avmyb| 4| `iRvwU eÜ Ki Ges RvbvjvwU †Lvj | 5| AbyMÖn K‡i Avgv‡K GK Mvm Rj w`b| 6| †fZ‡i G‡m GK Kvc Pv LvI | 7| †Zvgvi eÜz‡K GKwU wPwV wjL| 8| Pj †eov‡Z hvB | 9| Zv‡K †fZ‡i G‡m Pv †L‡Z `vI | 10| Zv‡`i cÖvc¨ wgwU‡q `vI| 11| Zv‡K kvwš—‡Z gi‡Z w`b| 12| Avgv‡K AvR wm‡bgvq †h‡Z w`b| 13| AZx‡Zi Rb¨ †kvK KwiIbv|

(D) Operative Sentence

1| †Zvgiv myLx nI| 2| wkïwU `xN©Rxwe †nvK| 3| fMevb g½j Ki“b| 4| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki mg„w× †nvK|5| ivRv `xN© Rxwe nDb| 6| †m †hb my‡L ¯^v”Q‡›` _v‡K | 7| Zzwg †hb msmv‡i DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z cvi|

(E)Exclamatory Sentence

[24] structural translation

So that (hv‡Z)

‡m K‡Vvi cwikªg K‡i hv‡Z †m DbœwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i

Avwg `ª“Z †`Šojvg hv‡Z †UªbwU ai‡Z cvwi

Avgiv Lvevi LvB hv‡Z Avgiv kw³ cvB

Avgiv gv‡V †Mjvg hv‡Z Avgiv †Ljv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvwi

‡m QÙ‡e‡k †ei nj hv‡Z †KD Zv‡K wPb‡Z bv cv‡i

He works hard so that he can prosper in life.

I ran fast so that I could catch the train.

We eat food so that we can get strength.

We went to field so that we could enjoy the game.

He went out in disguise so that nobody could recognise him.

Lest (cv‡Q/ hv‡Z bv))

`ª“Z nvU cv‡Q Mvwo nvivI

fvj K‡i co cv‡Q me nvivI

K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki cv‡Q AK…ZKvh© nI

evwjKvwU ax‡i nvU‡Q cv‡Q c‡i hvq

Walk first lest you should miss the train

Read attentively lest you should lose all.

Work hard lest you should fail.

The girl is walking slowly lest she should fall.

Untill (hZ¶Y ch©š— bv)

hZ¶Y e„wó bv _v‡g ZZ¶Y GLv‡b A‡c¶v Ki

hZ¶Y Avwg bv Avwm ZZ¶Y A‡c¶v Ki

‡m hZ¶Y wd‡i bv AvmwQj ZZ¶Y Avgiv Zvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQjvg

‡Uªb bv Avmv ch©š— Avgiv A‡c¶v Kie

Wait here untill the rain stops.

Wait untill I come back

We waited for him untill he come back.

We shall wait untill the train arrives

In spite of (m‡Ë¡I)

Amy¯’¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I †m K‡j‡R wM‡q wQj

Mixe nIqv m‡Ë¡I †m cov†jLv Pvwj‡q wb‡qwQj

K‡Uvi cÖwikªg Kiv m‡Ë¡I †m cvk KiZ cvij bv

A‡bK b`x _vKv m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`k cvwbi Afv‡e †fv‡M

cÖPzi m¤ú` _vKv m‡Ë¡I †m myLx bq

In spite of his illness, he went to college

In spite of his poverty, he continued his studies.

In spite of his working hard, he could not pass.

In spite of many rivers, Bangladesh suffers from want of water.

In spite of having vast wealth, he is not happy.

Because of (Rb¨/ Kvi‡Y)

Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y †m K¬v‡k Dcw¯’Z n‡Z cv‡iwb

Livi Kvi‡Y MZ eQi fvj dmj Rb¥vqwb

AjmZvi Kvi‡Y ‡m cix¶vq cvk Ki‡Z cv‡iwb

mZZvi Kvi‡Y mevB Zv‡K cQ›` K‡i|

cÖPzi e„wói Kvi‡Y Avwg evwni n‡Z cvwiwb

Because of his illness, he could not attend the class.

Because of droughts, craps did not grow well last year.

Because of his laziness, he could not pass the examination

Because of his honesty, everybody likes him

Because of heavy rainfall, I could not go out.

Let alone (‡Zv `y‡ii K_v/ cÖkœB D‡Vbv)

eo kni †Zv `y‡ii K_v †m †QvU kniB cwi`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡ibv

Avgiv Zv‡`i‡K wk¶v †Zv `y‡ii K_v Lv`¨B w`‡Z cvwibv

Avwg GK wK‡jvwgUvi mvZvi KvUv‡Z cvwibv Avevi cvuP wK‡jvwgUvi

‡m GK UvKvB w`‡Z cv‡i bv Avevi cvuP UvKv

He can not visit a small town let alone a big city

We can not give them food let alone education

I can not swim a kilometre let alone five kilometres

He can not give one taka let alone five taka.

As if/ As though (Ggb fv‡e------- †hb)

‡m Ggb fv‡e K_v e‡j †hb wKQyB Rv‡b bv

‡m Ggb fv‡e K_v e‡j †hb †m gvZvj

‡m Ggbfve K‡i †hb GKwU cwÛZ e¨w³

‡jvKwU Ggb fvb a‡iwQj †hb †m me RvbZv

He talks as if he did not know any thing.

He speaks as if he were a mad.

He acts as if he were a scholar.

The man pretended as if he had known every thing.

Had better/ would better (eis fvj)

GLb †Zvgvi eis evwo‡Z hvIqv fvj

‡Zvgvi Zvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡j fvj nq

‡Zvgvi GeQi cix¶v bv w`‡j eis fvj nq

You had better go home now

You had better talk to him

You had better not sit for the examination this year.

Would rather- than (eis - Z_vwc)

Avwg ies gie Z_vwc wf¶v Kie bv

Avwg eis Mixe n‡ev Z_vwc Amr ne bv

Avwg eis †dj Kie Z_vwc bKj Kie bv

I would rather die than beg.

I would rather be poor than be dishonest.

I would rather fail than copying in the examination.

Would you mind (Avcwb wK- wKQz g‡bKi‡eb)

GK Kvc Pv †L‡Z wK Avcwb wKQz g‡b Ki‡eb?

`iRv Lyj‡Z wK Avcwb wKQy g‡b Ki‡eb?

Would you mind having a cup of tea?

Would you mind opening the door?

It is time/ It is high time (GUvB Dchy³ mgq)

GUvB K‡j‡R hvIqvi Dchy³ mgq

GUvB †Zvgvi cov wkLvi Dchy³ mgq

GUvB Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Ljvi Dchy³ mgq

Avi †`wi bv K‡i GLb Avgv‡`i hvÎv Kiv DwPZ

Avi †`wi bv K‡i †Zvgvi aygcvb †Q‡o †`Iqv DwPZ

It is time to go to college.

It is time to learn you lesson.

It is time for them to play.

It is high time we started.

It is high time you gave up smoking.

The place where (‡mB ¯’vb †hLv‡b)

K‡jR nj †mB ¯’vb †hLv‡b QvÎiv Ávb jvf K‡i

‡ij †÷kb nj †mB ¯’vb †hLv‡b †Uªb¸‡jv _v‡g

XvKv nj †mB kni †hLv‡b A‡bK †jvK evm K‡i

evsjv‡`k †mB †`k †hLv‡b Avgiv evm Kwi

A college is the place where students gain knowledge.

A rail station is the place where trains stop.

Dhaka is the city where many people live.

Bangladesh is the country where we live.

The time---------- when (‡mB mgq hLb)

ïµevi nj †mB w`b hLb Avgv‡`i K‡jR eÜ _v‡K

Rvbyqvwi nj †mB gvm hLb eQi ïi“ nq

kxZ nj †mB FZz hLb Lye VvÛv _v‡K

Friday is the day when our college remains closed.

January is the month when the year begins.

Winter is the season when it is very cold.

No sooner - had

Avgiv †÷k‡b †cŠQ‡Z bv †cŠQ‡Z †Uªb †Q‡o w`j

‡ej evR‡Z bv evR‡ZB QvÎiv K¬v‡k cÖ‡ek Kwij

wk¶K †kªYx K‡¶ XyK‡Z bv XyK‡ZB QvÎiv `vovj

No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.

No sooner had the bell rung than the students entered the class.

No sooner had the teacher entered the class room than the student stood up.

Not only—but also

‡mïay GKRb fvj QvÎB bq, GKRb fvj †L‡jvqvoI

ïay i“gv bq, †mvgvI †gavex

Avgiv ïay Kwig‡K bq iwng‡KI mvnvh¨ K‡iwQjvg

ïay †m bq, Zvi e›`yivI mfvq †hvM w`‡qwQj

He is not only a good student but also a good player.

Not only Ruma but also Suma is meritorious.

We helped not noly karim but also Rahim.

Not only he but also his friends joined the meeting.

Either- or

nq †m bv nq Zvi fvB KvRwU K‡i‡Q

Avwg Zv‡K nq eB bv nq Kjg w`e

nq Zywg bv nq ‡Zvgvi fvB Avgvi mv‡_ AvMvgxKvj †`Lv Ki‡e|

LvB‡j LvI bq P‡j hvI

Either he or his brother has done the work.

I will give him either a book or a pen.

Either you or your brother will meet me tomorrow.

Either eat or go away.

Neither –nor

gwbi c‡oI bv KvRI K‡ibv

‡m evox‡Z I _v‡Kbv ¯‹z‡jI hvqbv

Munir neither reads nor works.

He nither stays at home nor goes to school

I am neither dishonest no cruel.

Both --- and

wgwb `ya Ges gvsm `yB cQ›` K‡i

wcZv cyÎ `yRbB Ggvgjvq RwoZ

Mini likes both milk and meat.

Both Mecca and Medina are the holy places for the Muslims.

Both the father and the son are involved in this case.

The + Comparative degree

hZ †ekx co‡e ZZ †ekx wkL‡e

hZ †ekx cvq ZZ †ekx Pvq

hZ kxMª ZZ fvj

hZ eo c` ZZ †ekx `vwqZ¡

The more you read, the more you learn.

The more he gets, the more he wants.

The sooner, the better.

The higher the post , the greater the responsibility

Whether---or

Zzwg hvI wK bv hvI GKB K_v

Zywg evuP wK gi Zv‡Z Avgvi wKQz hvq Av‡m bv

‡m †jLvcov K‡i wK bv K‡i Rvwbbv

It is all the same whether you go or not.

It does not matter to me whether you live or not

I do not know whether he reads or not.

Repetition of Words (noun)

‰mb¨iv cv‡q cv‡q AMÖmi nBj

‡m N›Uvq N›Uvq Pv Lvq

mg‡q mg‡q †eov‡Z AvwmI

The forces advanced step by step.

He takes tea every hour.

Visit us at times.

Pronoun

‡Zvgiv †K †K †mLv‡b wM‡q wQ‡j?

‡Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †K †K G KvRUv Ki‡Z cvi‡e?

Who went there?

Which of you could do this work?

Adjective

Zzwg me mgq Av‡¯— Av‡¯— K_v ej

mevB wbR wbR K‡R P‡j †M‡Q

‡m me mgq wdU dvU _v‡K

‡Zvgvi gbUv fvi fvi g‡b n‡”Q

you always speak slowly.

Every body went to his respective job

He always keep himself trim and tide

You seem rather gloomy

Adverb

‡m †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m DVj

wkïwU wLj wLj K‡i †n‡m DVj

Xs Xs K‡i N›Uv evRv‡Z‡Q

He burst out in to a roar of laughter.

The baby burst in a giggle.

The bell is ringing with deep thuds.

Verb

‡m †LvovBqv †LvovBqv N‡i cÖ‡ek Kij

‡m †i‡M Mi Mi Ki‡Q

‡PwP‡q Avgvi Mjv †f‡½u‡Mj

He entered the room limping.

He is boiling with rage.

I cried myself hoarse.

Onomatopoeic words

‡kv †kv K‡i evZvm eB‡Q

wUc wUc K‡i e„wó co‡Q

Avgvi Mv‡q wS wS a‡i‡Q

‡m ¸b ¸b K‡i Mvb Ki‡Q

MvQwU gi gi K‡i †f‡•N coj

The wind is howling

It is drizzling.

I feel pins and needles in my leg.

He is humming a song.

The tree broken down with a crash.

Translation

subject + had + object

subject + v.p. + object

[6] Past Continuous: Subject+was/were+V+ing +object

[7] Past Perfect: Subject+had+ v.p.p+object

[8] Past Perfect Continuous: Subject+had been+V+ing+object

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