Preposition




Preposition


Preposition বা সম্বন্ধসূচক অব্যয়: যে Word কোনো Noun বা Pronoun-এর আগে বসে ওই Noun বা Pronoun-এর সঙ্গে বাক্যের অন্য Word-এর সম্পর্ক নির্দেশ করে তাকে Preposition বলে
যেমন: at, in, on, to, over, by, for, of, from, above, across, with, under, near, beneath, without, after, among, between, etc.
নিচে preposition-এর প্রকারভেদ কোন preposition কোন প্রকারে ব্যবহূত হয়ে থাকে তা তুলে ধরা হলো
Kinds of prepositions :
1. Simple preposition :
একটি মাত্র word দ্বারা গঠিত preposition হলো simple preposition যেমন:
(a)    At, by, on, with এই preposition গুলো হলো স্থিতি বাচক ক্রিয়া বা verbs indication rest in place-এর পরে বসে যেমন: Rana is standing at the door now.
(b) To, from, for, of, through
up এই preposition গুলো গতিবাচক ক্রিয়া বা verbs showing motion এর পরে বসে যেমন: Raju comes from his village.
2. Double preposition:
যখন দুটি Simple preposition যুক্ত হয়ে একটি একক preposition-এর ন্যায় ব্যবহূত হয় তখন তা হলো double preposition. যেমন: in+to=into, with+in=within, on+to=onto, with+out=without, up+on=upon, out+of=out of ইত্যাদি
3. Compound Preposition: Noun
বা Adjective বা Adverb-এর আগে simple preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যে preposition গঠিত হয় তা হলো Compound preposition বলে
4. Participle Preposition:Present participle
বা past participle যদি preposition-এর মতো ব্যবহূত হয় তখন তা participle preposition. যেমন: Concerning, considering, judging, regarding, respecting ইত্যাদি participle preposition রূপে বসতে পারে Considering the circumstances you are right.
5. Phrase Preposition:
দুই বা ততোধিক word-এর মিলনে গঠিত phrase যদি একটিমাত্র preposition -এর ন্যায় ব্যবহূত হয় তবে তা prepositional phrase বা phrasal preposition যেমন: On account of, on the point of, in front of, in spite of, by means of, by dint of, for the sake of, in order to.
6. Disguised Preposition:
কখনো কখনো on, in of-এর পরিবর্তে a এবং o ব্যবহূত হয় এবং word-এর শুরুতে বসে এরূপ preposition হলো Disguised preposition বা ছদ্মবেশী যেমন: a hunting, ashore, ahead = a = on অর্থাৎ এখানে on পরিবর্তে a ব্যবহূত হয়েছে
(a) Now, it is four o’clock. (o = of)
(b) Rana goes there once a week. (in a week)
7. Detached Preposition:Interrogative Preposition, Relative Pronoun
এবং Interrogative adverbs-এর সঙ্গে সম্পর্কযুক্ত prepositions এদের আগে না বসে sentence-এর শেষে বসে তখন ধরনের prepositions কে Detached Preposition বলে যেমন:
(a) What are you looking for?
(b) Where did you come from?
(c) What are you talking about?
 

Preposition

Pre(c~‡e©)+Position(Ae¯’vb) =Preposition. myZivs †h me kãnoun ev pronounGi c~‡e© e‡m †m noun ev pronoun Gi mv‡_ ev‡K¨i Ab¨vb¨ k‡ãi wK m¤úK© Zv wb‡`©k K‡i, Zv‡K prepositione‡j| wb‡P K‡qKwU prepositionGi e¨envi ‡`qv nj:
1. At:†QvU ¯’vb eySv‡Z: Sondhi lives at Ratanpur.wbw`©ó mgq eySv‡Z: Neha came here at 10 am, eqm eySv‡Z: Limon came to the orphanage at four, w`K eySv‡Z: Please look at me.
2. In:eo ¯’vb eySv‡Z: Emon lives in Dhaka. ‡fZ‡i Aew¯’Z eySv‡Z: Konika is in the drawing room.gvm I eQi eySv‡Z: She was brown in April in 1982. mxgvbvi g‡a¨ eySv‡Z: Mymensing is in the north of Bangladesh.fwel¨‡Z e¨cK mgq eySv‡Z: Neela will come in a month. welq ev fvlv eySv‡Z: We speak in English.
3. Into:‡fZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv A‡_©: Santona entered into the room. iƒcvšÍwiZ nIqv A‡_:© Water is changed into ice.
4. On:‡Kvb wKQzi Dc‡i eySv‡Z: The book is on the table. wbf©iZv eySv‡Z: The cow lives on grass. wbw`©ó w`b ev ZvwiL eySv‡Z: Rinta came on Monday.
5. For:†Kvb ¯’v‡bi w`‡K eySv‡Z: Mahin started for Dhaka. Kv‡ivi Rb¨ eySv‡Z: Shila is waiting for Kalpona.D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡Z: Mithila has come here for living. wbw`©ó mgq eySv‡Z: Robin has been ill for five days.
6. With: Øviv ev w`‡q eySv‡Z: Akash killed the snake with a stick. mv‡_ eySv‡Z: Riyad lives with me. Kv‡ivi Dci eySv‡Z: Shariful was angry with Jahid. ciciB eySv‡Z: With these words Provat went away.
7. Within: ‡Kvb ¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ eySv‡Z: The ring is within the box. wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ eySv‡Z: Arifa will come within 3hours
8. By:‡Kvb wKQz Øviv ev gva¨‡g eySv‡Z: The work was done by Shakil. fwel¨‡Z wbw`©ó mg‡qi c~‡e©: Keya will reach here by 10 am.‡Kvb ¯’vb ev e¯‘i cv‡k ev wbK‡U eySv‡Z: Lima sat by Roksana.cÖ‡¯’i cwigvc eySv‡Z: My room is 15 feet by 12 feet.
9. To:w`‡K eySv‡Z: Ritu is going to school.D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡Z: Joli came to meet Setu.Kv‡ivi cÖwZ A‡_©:Be sympathetic me.
10. After:c‡I (mgq) eySv‡Z: Jannatul came here after noon. ‡cQ‡b eySv‡Z: Suvo runs after the thief.
11. Between:`y‡qi gv‡S eySv‡Z: Divide the mangoes between Meem and Jeshmin.
12. Among:`y‡qi AwaK Gi gv‡S eySv‡Z: Divide the mangoes among the boys.
13. Above:Dc‡i  eySv‡Z: The sun is above us.
14. About:cÖvq eySv‡Z: There are about fifty students.†Kvb welq eySv‡Z: I know everything about Shihan.  
15. Over:wKQzi Dc‡i eySv‡Z: A bird was flying over my head. wecixZ cv‡k¦© eySv‡Z: Murad lives over the road. ‡Kvb wKQyi †ewk eySv‡Z: Yasmin is over fifty.
16. Before:fwel¨Z wbw`©ó mg‡qi c~‡e©: Juthi will come here before 3 pm.‡Kvb wKQzi m¤§y‡L eySv‡Z: Jui appeared the judge. Lota stood before the glass.
17. Across:AvovAvwo ev ga¨ w`‡q eySv‡Z: Shohag went across the field. Labonnya swim across the river.
18. Along:eivei cªKvk Ki‡Z: Walk along this road.
19. Till:wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ eySv‡Z: Jihan will wait till 5 pm. Jibon reads it till morning.
20. Without:e¨vwZZ ev Qvov eySv‡Z: We can not live without food. Dulal has done it without help.
21. Since: e¨vcK mgq eySv‡Z: Rakib has been ill since January. Firoj has lived here since 1992.
22. From:‡Kvb ¯’vb nB‡Z eySv‡Z: Sagor came from Dhaka. Shohel starts from here.
23. Beside:cv‡k eySv‡Z: Nahid sat beside Parvej. Mehedi put it beside this.
24. Besides: Bnv QvovI eySv‡Z: Beside food, Nashim gave me a nice dress. Besides pen, Dipok bought a book.
25. Than: Zzjbv eySv‡Z: Kakoly is better than Shammi. Shilpi is better than Eti.
26. Against: weiy‡× eySv‡Z: Fight against poverty/enemy.
27. Towards: w`‡K ev Awfgy‡L eySv‡Z: Kazoli started walking towards Dhaka.
28. Under: wb‡P eySv‡Z: The book is under the table. Awa‡b eySv‡Z: Mina works under Shraboni.
29. Behind: Aci cv‡k eySv‡Z: Look behind the door. cðv‡Z eySv‡Z: Marjan came here behind Yasin.
30. Through: GK cÖvšÍ n‡Z Ab¨ cÖvšÍ eySv‡Z: Shahin looks it through in the newspaper
31. Up: wbP ‡_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K eySv‡Z: Climb up the tree/Masud went up the hill.
32. Down: Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K eySv‡Z: Srizon came down the hill.

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